As a general rule, when we're driving our car and notice it 's not maintaining a stable trajectory (it pulls to the right or left when we let go of the steering wheel for a few seconds), we usually say the wheel alignment is off . Furthermore, if there's a vibration in the steering wheel, or the steering behaves abnormally when performing routine maneuvers, we could also be dealing with an alignment problem.
Vehicle alignment involves adjusting the geometric configuration , steering mechanism, and suspension components according to the manufacturer's specifications. Essentially, it resets the wheel angles to keep them perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other.
Proper wheel alignment will ensure even tire wear , more precise handling, and therefore extend the lifespan of the suspension and steering components, as well as the tires themselves. Conversely, incorrect alignment will result in uneven tire wear (both front and rear), causing instability when changing direction and hindering vehicle maneuverability.
A vehicle's alignment can be disrupted by a tire hitting a curb or going over a pothole too hard. If either of these situations occurs, the result will be uneven tire wear, requiring them to be replaced before the end of their lifespan.
To perform wheel alignment, the tires and rims must be adjusted so that they work in parallel. The parameters that need to be adjusted are called angles and are as follows:
- Caster angle of the wheels: With respect to the vertical, contemplating the vehicle in its length.
- Convergence Angle: With a top view of the vehicle, the wheels must be perfectly parallel, preventing them from pointing inwards (convergence) or outward (divergence)
- Shaft tilt angle: When turning the steering wheel, the wheels perform a movement on a pivot attached to vehicle suspension; this angle will then be the one formed by the wheel with the pivot, compared to an imaginary vertical line that will pass through the center of the wheel, seen from the side.
Finally, vehicle alignment shouldn't only be checked when the steering indicates a problem. It should be checked regularly to prevent mechanical issues.
- When replace the tires
- when they are observed irregular wear in the tires
- After a strong impact against potholes, stones and other objects
- In the periodic reviews recommended by the vehicle manufacturer
- When an element of the suspension or address
- Every time you notice any strange behavior in the vehicle, when you tend to go more to one side or with difficulty staying on track